Comparing Carbon Footprints: Floating vs. Land Solar Systems

Josco Kester, Scientist at TNO, recently shared insights from a study on the environmental impact of floating photovoltaic (PV) systems in Western Europe. According to Kester, the study revealed that floating PV systems on inland water bodies could significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions over their entire life cycle when compared to ground-mounted PV systems. Specifically, if the degradation of PV modules is minimized, the carbon footprint of these floating systems can be 3-4 times lower than the EU grid mix target for 2030.

The concept of floating solar energy is gaining traction as a promising alternative within the PV market. Despite its relative novelty, the segment is experiencing rapid growth. However, a comprehensive life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis specific to floating solar energy was previously unavailable. The recent report by TNO focuses on the carbon footprint aspect, which encompasses the total greenhouse gas emissions from the production and installation phases to waste treatment or recycling at the end of the system's life.

The comparative analysis conducted in the study involved two operational floating solar energy systems situated in Western Europe. These systems were pitted against hypothetical ground-mounted counterparts that were simulated using background data. The floating solar systems under scrutiny featured different floater compositions, namely high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and steel/HDPE. Both systems were installed on inland water bodies characterized by minimal wave activity, with locations in the Netherlands and Germany.

One of the key findings of the study was the favorable environmental performance of floating PV systems in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. By leveraging the unique characteristics of inland water bodies, these systems demonstrated a clear advantage over traditional ground-mounted installations. The choice of materials, such as HDPE and steel/HDPE, also played a crucial role in determining the overall carbon footprint of the floating solar energy systems.

As the demand for renewable energy sources continues to grow, the potential of floating solar energy to contribute to sustainability goals is becoming increasingly evident. The insights provided by studies like the one conducted by TNO shed light on the environmental benefits of innovative solar technologies and pave the way for further advancements in the field of photovoltaics.