German report calls for quantum boost

Researchers at Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation (ISI) have published a report emphasizing the importance of supporting the development of quantum technology in Germany. The report, titled "Quantum technologies and quantum ecosystems," analyzes patent applications in quantum computing, sensing, and networking up to 2021.

The study has led to political recommendations based on its findings, which predict that it will take 20 to 30 years before fault-tolerant quantum computers are commercially available. Despite strong growth, Europe lags behind in quantum patents, while companies like PsiQuantum are making strides with their million qubit quantum computer chipset.

Dr. Thomas Schmaltz, head of the Industrial Technologies business unit at Fraunhofer ISI, highlighted the importance of national quantum strategies in countries like Germany, the USA, and China. These strategies aim to boost research, innovation, and competitiveness in quantum technologies through significant government investments exceeding $40 billion.

The recommendations from the report stress the need for long-term public funding, strategic framework conditions, and financing to ensure international competitiveness. Supporting startups, reducing bureaucratic obstacles, and investing in skilled workers and software development are also crucial aspects.

The study identified a total of 473 companies globally involved in quantum computing, 22 in quantum sensing, and 86 in quantum communication. While the USA and China dominate in these areas, Germany has 18 quantum computing startups, mainly originating from research institutions and universities.

Various quantum technologies such as atomic clocks, magnetic field sensors, and optical sensors offer significant advantages, particularly in medical diagnostics. However, challenges remain in terms of miniaturization, user-friendliness, robustness, and cost reduction. Quantum communication and cryptography, utilizing quantum properties for secure communication, are also areas of focus with technologies like quantum random number generators and quantum key distribution.

Regarding quantum computing, the study suggests that fault-tolerant quantum computers surpassing supercomputers may not be achievable for another 20 to 30 years. Companies like PsiQuantum, Google, and Microsoft are at the forefront of this field, requiring substantial investments and collaboration. In the meantime, hybrid systems could serve as an interim solution to advance quantum computing technology.