Robots equipped with advanced metamaterial antenna skin for precise communications

Robots are increasingly being integrated into various industries, particularly in manufacturing, where they play a crucial role in enhancing efficiency. With this growing trend, the need for robots to interact safely and effectively with humans has become paramount. To address this challenge, the FITNESS (Flexible IntelligenT NEarfield Sensing Skins) project was initiated by the EU, bringing together the Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques FHR and six other partners to develop innovative solutions.

The project focuses on creating intelligent antennas in the form of metamaterial surfaces with integrated electronics. These antennas, known as metasurface antennas, are designed to be flexible and stretchable, allowing them to adapt to the contours of a robot like a skin. By utilizing these antennas, robots can scan their near-field environment more effectively, improving both human safety and overall performance.

The metasurface antennas developed in the FITNESS project are flat antennas integrated into film-like substrates, enabling them to bend, stretch, and conform to the shape of the robot. This unique design feature allows the antennas to be positioned on various parts of the robot, such as the arm, providing a versatile and adaptable solution for different applications. Referred to as "smart skins," these antennas have the capability to detect movement in the near-field environment while maintaining efficient communication with the base station.

One of the key innovations of the metasurface antennas is their ability to enable beamforming, a process that electronically controls the radiation properties of the antenna. This results in a stronger and more stable signal directed towards the base station, thereby increasing the robot's range. Unlike traditional phased arrays, the metasurface antennas offer a more streamlined design with optimized electronics, reducing costs and improving overall performance.

Furthermore, the project partners are exploring potential applications beyond industrial robotics, including medical engineering and personal protective equipment. Metasurface antennas integrated into smart skin technology could revolutionize assistance robots by enhancing gesture recognition and improving interactions with humans. Additionally, the technology holds promise for applications in firefighting equipment and space suits, highlighting the versatility and potential impact of this innovative antenna solution.