Urban-Friendly Solar Cell Tracks Sunlight for Efficiency

Researchers in Korea have made a groundbreaking advancement in solar cell technology by developing the first self-tracking flexible, flame retardant solar cell specifically designed for urban environments. Dr. Seung-il Cha and the electric conversion material R&D team at the Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI) have successfully created a solar cell that not only harnesses solar energy efficiently but also mitigates the risk of fire.

The flexibility of the solar cell module is achieved by encapsulating individual cells in silicone, allowing for various form factors such as benches or lighting shields. What sets this innovation apart is the integrated self-tracking feature, which utilizes shape memory alloy attached to the arrayed solar cells. This tracking mechanism boosts power generation by an impressive 60% compared to traditional flat modules.

One of the key challenges in photovoltaic power generation is the efficiency loss caused by partial shading from buildings or plants, which can lead to overheating and potential fire hazards. The new solar cell developed by KERI addresses this issue by ensuring that even under partial shading conditions, the generated current can flow freely without causing heat buildup.

Unlike conventional solar modules that rely on laminated layers of tempered glass and plastics for protection, KERI's solar cell adopts a unique structure using low-cost materials such as silicone and polymeric back sheets. By eliminating the need for flammable plastics and glass, the team has created a safer and more cost-effective solution for large-scale flexible solar cell applications.

Furthermore, the electrical connectivity of the module is optimized through a hybrid serial/parallel connection, providing multiple paths for electricity flow. This design not only enhances power maintenance but also prevents hot spot generation, even in the presence of partial shading. Dr. Seung-il Cha envisions this technology as a significant step towards leveraging solar energy for sustainable urban development and addressing pressing national issues related to carbon neutrality and energy security.