Advancements in Quantum Internet with Optical Fibres

Researchers in the UK are making significant strides in developing a new generation of optical fibres tailored specifically for the quantum Internet. Unlike traditional optical fibres, the team at the University of Bath has engineered speciality fibres with a micro-structured core featuring a complex pattern of air pockets running along the entire length. These unique fibres have the capability to support quantum entanglement of photons, enabling quantum key distribution (QKD) and facilitating data transfers within the quantum Internet.

Dr. Kristina Rusimova from the Department of Physics at Bath highlighted the limitations of conventional optical fibres in accommodating the operational wavelengths required for light-based quantum technologies. She emphasized the need for fibres that can align with the characteristics of single-photon sources, qubits, and active optical components essential for quantum applications.

The research team is actively working on developing fibres for long-range communication purposes, as well as specialty fibres that will enable the integration of quantum repeaters directly into the network. This integration will extend the reach of quantum technology, allowing for enhanced functionality and efficiency in data transmission.

Speciality optical fibres have the potential to revolutionize quantum networks by not only connecting nodes but also enabling quantum computation at the nodes themselves. These fibres can serve as sources of entangled single photons, quantum wavelength converters, low-loss switches, or containers for quantum memories, enhancing the overall capabilities of quantum systems.

Dr. Alex Davis, an EPSRC Quantum Career Acceleration Fellow at Bath, emphasized the importance of optical fibres in tightly confining and transporting light over long distances. In addition to generating entangled photons, these fibres can facilitate the creation of advanced quantum states of light with applications spanning quantum computing, precision sensing, and secure message encryption.